mathlib documentation

category_theory.limits.is_limit

Limits and colimits #

We set up the general theory of limits and colimits in a category. In this introduction we only describe the setup for limits; it is repeated, with slightly different names, for colimits.

The main structures defined in this file is

See also category_theory.limits.has_limits which further builds:

Implementation #

At present we simply say everything twice, in order to handle both limits and colimits. It would be highly desirable to have some automation support, e.g. a @[dualize] attribute that behaves similarly to @[to_additive].

References #

@[nolint]
structure category_theory.limits.is_limit {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} (t : category_theory.limits.cone F) :
Type (max u₁ u₃ v₃)

A cone t on F is a limit cone if each cone on F admits a unique cone morphism to t.

See https://stacks.math.columbia.edu/tag/002E.

Instances for category_theory.limits.is_limit
@[simp]
theorem category_theory.limits.is_limit.fac {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cone F} (self : category_theory.limits.is_limit t) (s : category_theory.limits.cone F) (j : J) :
self.lift s t.π.app j = s.π.app j
@[simp]
theorem category_theory.limits.is_limit.fac_assoc {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cone F} (self : category_theory.limits.is_limit t) (s : category_theory.limits.cone F) (j : J) {X' : C} (f' : F.obj j X') :
self.lift s t.π.app j f' = s.π.app j f'
theorem category_theory.limits.is_limit.uniq {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cone F} (self : category_theory.limits.is_limit t) (s : category_theory.limits.cone F) (m : s.X t.X) (w : ∀ (j : J), m t.π.app j = s.π.app j) :
m = self.lift s

Given a natural transformation α : F ⟶ G, we give a morphism from the cone point of any cone over F to the cone point of a limit cone over G.

Equations
@[simp]
theorem category_theory.limits.is_limit.map_π_assoc {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F G : J C} (c : category_theory.limits.cone F) {d : category_theory.limits.cone G} (hd : category_theory.limits.is_limit d) (α : F G) (j : J) {X' : C} (f' : G.obj j X') :

The universal morphism from any other cone to a limit cone.

Equations
theorem category_theory.limits.is_limit.exists_unique {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cone F} (h : category_theory.limits.is_limit t) (s : category_theory.limits.cone F) :
∃! (l : s.X t.X), ∀ (j : J), l t.π.app j = s.π.app j

Restating the definition of a limit cone in terms of the ∃! operator.

noncomputable def category_theory.limits.is_limit.of_exists_unique {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cone F} (ht : ∀ (s : category_theory.limits.cone F), ∃! (l : s.X t.X), ∀ (j : J), l t.π.app j = s.π.app j) :

Noncomputably make a colimit cocone from the existence of unique factorizations.

Equations
@[simp]
theorem category_theory.limits.is_limit.mk_cone_morphism_lift {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cone F} (lift : Π (s : category_theory.limits.cone F), s t) (uniq' : ∀ (s : category_theory.limits.cone F) (m : s t), m = lift s) (s : category_theory.limits.cone F) :
def category_theory.limits.is_limit.mk_cone_morphism {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cone F} (lift : Π (s : category_theory.limits.cone F), s t) (uniq' : ∀ (s : category_theory.limits.cone F) (m : s t), m = lift s) :

Alternative constructor for is_limit, providing a morphism of cones rather than a morphism between the cone points and separately the factorisation condition.

Equations

Limit cones on F are unique up to isomorphism.

Equations

Any cone morphism between limit cones is an isomorphism.

Transport evidence that a cone is a limit cone across an isomorphism of cones.

Equations

If the canonical morphism from a cone point to a limiting cone point is an iso, then the first cone was limiting also.

Equations
theorem category_theory.limits.is_limit.hom_lift {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cone F} (h : category_theory.limits.is_limit t) {W : C} (m : W t.X) :
m = h.lift {X := W, π := {app := λ (b : J), m t.π.app b, naturality' := _}}
theorem category_theory.limits.is_limit.hom_ext {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cone F} (h : category_theory.limits.is_limit t) {W : C} {f f' : W t.X} (w : ∀ (j : J), f t.π.app j = f' t.π.app j) :
f = f'

Two morphisms into a limit are equal if their compositions with each cone morphism are equal.

A cone postcomposed with the inverse of a natural isomorphism is a limit cone if and only if the original cone is.

Equations

Constructing an equivalence is_limit c ≃ is_limit d from a natural isomorphism between the underlying functors, and then an isomorphism between c transported along this and d.

Equations

The cone points of two limit cones for naturally isomorphic functors are themselves isomorphic.

Equations

We can prove two cone points (s : cone F).X and (t.cone G).X are isomorphic if

  • both cones are limit cones
  • their indexing categories are equivalent via some e : J ≌ K,
  • the triangle of functors commutes up to a natural isomorphism: e.functor ⋙ G ≅ F.

This is the most general form of uniqueness of cone points, allowing relabelling of both the indexing category (up to equivalence) and the functor (up to natural isomorphism).

Equations

The universal property of a limit cone: a map W ⟶ X is the same as a cone on F with vertex W.

Equations
@[simp]
theorem category_theory.limits.is_limit.hom_iso_hom {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cone F} (h : category_theory.limits.is_limit t) {W : C} (f : ulift (W t.X)) :
(h.hom_iso W).hom f = (t.extend f.down).π

The limit of F represents the functor taking W to the set of cones on F with vertex W.

Equations
def category_theory.limits.is_limit.hom_iso' {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cone F} (h : category_theory.limits.is_limit t) (W : C) :
ulift (W t.X) {p // ∀ {j j' : J} (f : j j'), p j F.map f = p j'}

Another, more explicit, formulation of the universal property of a limit cone. See also hom_iso.

Equations

If G : C → D is a faithful functor which sends t to a limit cone, then it suffices to check that the induced maps for the image of t can be lifted to maps of C.

Equations

If F.cones is represented by X, each morphism f : Y ⟶ X gives a cone with cone point Y.

Equations

If F.cones is represented by X, each cone s gives a morphism s.X ⟶ X.

Equations

If F.cones is represented by X, the cone corresponding to the identity morphism on X will be a limit cone.

Equations

If F.cones is represented by X, the cone corresponding to a morphism f : Y ⟶ X is the limit cone extended by f.

If F.cones is represented by X, any cone is the extension of the limit cone by the corresponding morphism.

If F.cones is representable, then the cone corresponding to the identity morphism on the representing object is a limit cone.

Equations
@[nolint]
structure category_theory.limits.is_colimit {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} (t : category_theory.limits.cocone F) :
Type (max u₁ u₃ v₃)

A cocone t on F is a colimit cocone if each cocone on F admits a unique cocone morphism from t.

See https://stacks.math.columbia.edu/tag/002F.

Instances for category_theory.limits.is_colimit
@[simp]
theorem category_theory.limits.is_colimit.fac_assoc {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cocone F} (self : category_theory.limits.is_colimit t) (s : category_theory.limits.cocone F) (j : J) {X' : C} (f' : s.X X') :
t.ι.app j self.desc s f' = s.ι.app j f'
theorem category_theory.limits.is_colimit.uniq {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cocone F} (self : category_theory.limits.is_colimit t) (s : category_theory.limits.cocone F) (m : t.X s.X) (w : ∀ (j : J), t.ι.app j m = s.ι.app j) :
m = self.desc s

Given a natural transformation α : F ⟶ G, we give a morphism from the cocone point of a colimit cocone over F to the cocone point of any cocone over G.

Equations
@[simp]
theorem category_theory.limits.is_colimit.ι_map_assoc {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F G : J C} {c : category_theory.limits.cocone F} (hc : category_theory.limits.is_colimit c) (d : category_theory.limits.cocone G) (α : F G) (j : J) {X' : C} (f' : d.X X') :
c.ι.app j hc.map d α f' = α.app j d.ι.app j f'
@[simp]
theorem category_theory.limits.is_colimit.ι_map {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F G : J C} {c : category_theory.limits.cocone F} (hc : category_theory.limits.is_colimit c) (d : category_theory.limits.cocone G) (α : F G) (j : J) :
c.ι.app j hc.map d α = α.app j d.ι.app j

The universal morphism from a colimit cocone to any other cocone.

Equations
theorem category_theory.limits.is_colimit.exists_unique {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cocone F} (h : category_theory.limits.is_colimit t) (s : category_theory.limits.cocone F) :
∃! (d : t.X s.X), ∀ (j : J), t.ι.app j d = s.ι.app j

Restating the definition of a colimit cocone in terms of the ∃! operator.

noncomputable def category_theory.limits.is_colimit.of_exists_unique {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cocone F} (ht : ∀ (s : category_theory.limits.cocone F), ∃! (d : t.X s.X), ∀ (j : J), t.ι.app j d = s.ι.app j) :

Noncomputably make a colimit cocone from the existence of unique factorizations.

Equations

Alternative constructor for is_colimit, providing a morphism of cocones rather than a morphism between the cocone points and separately the factorisation condition.

Equations

Colimit cocones on F are unique up to isomorphism.

Equations

Any cocone morphism between colimit cocones is an isomorphism.

Transport evidence that a cocone is a colimit cocone across an isomorphism of cocones.

Equations

If the canonical morphism to a cocone point from a colimiting cocone point is an iso, then the first cocone was colimiting also.

Equations
theorem category_theory.limits.is_colimit.hom_desc {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cocone F} (h : category_theory.limits.is_colimit t) {W : C} (m : t.X W) :
m = h.desc {X := W, ι := {app := λ (b : J), t.ι.app b m, naturality' := _}}
theorem category_theory.limits.is_colimit.hom_ext {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cocone F} (h : category_theory.limits.is_colimit t) {W : C} {f f' : t.X W} (w : ∀ (j : J), t.ι.app j f = t.ι.app j f') :
f = f'

Two morphisms out of a colimit are equal if their compositions with each cocone morphism are equal.

A cocone precomposed with the inverse of a natural isomorphism is a colimit cocone if and only if the original cocone is.

Equations

Constructing an equivalence is_colimit c ≃ is_colimit d from a natural isomorphism between the underlying functors, and then an isomorphism between c transported along this and d.

Equations

The cocone points of two colimit cocones for naturally isomorphic functors are themselves isomorphic.

Equations

We can prove two cocone points (s : cocone F).X and (t.cocone G).X are isomorphic if

  • both cocones are colimit cocones
  • their indexing categories are equivalent via some e : J ≌ K,
  • the triangle of functors commutes up to a natural isomorphism: e.functor ⋙ G ≅ F.

This is the most general form of uniqueness of cocone points, allowing relabelling of both the indexing category (up to equivalence) and the functor (up to natural isomorphism).

Equations

The universal property of a colimit cocone: a map X ⟶ W is the same as a cocone on F with vertex W.

Equations
@[simp]
theorem category_theory.limits.is_colimit.hom_iso_hom {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cocone F} (h : category_theory.limits.is_colimit t) {W : C} (f : ulift (t.X W)) :
(h.hom_iso W).hom f = (t.extend f.down).ι

The colimit of F represents the functor taking W to the set of cocones on F with vertex W.

Equations
def category_theory.limits.is_colimit.hom_iso' {J : Type u₁} [category_theory.category J] {C : Type u₃} [category_theory.category C] {F : J C} {t : category_theory.limits.cocone F} (h : category_theory.limits.is_colimit t) (W : C) :
ulift (t.X W) {p // ∀ {j j' : J} (f : j j'), F.map f p j' = p j}

Another, more explicit, formulation of the universal property of a colimit cocone. See also hom_iso.

Equations

If G : C → D is a faithful functor which sends t to a colimit cocone, then it suffices to check that the induced maps for the image of t can be lifted to maps of C.

Equations

If F.cocones is corepresented by X, each morphism f : X ⟶ Y gives a cocone with cone point Y.

Equations

If F.cocones is corepresented by X, each cocone s gives a morphism X ⟶ s.X.

Equations

If F.cocones is corepresented by X, the cocone corresponding to the identity morphism on X will be a colimit cocone.

Equations

If F.cocones is corepresented by X, the cocone corresponding to a morphism f : Y ⟶ X is the colimit cocone extended by f.

If F.cocones is corepresented by X, any cocone is the extension of the colimit cocone by the corresponding morphism.

If F.cocones is corepresentable, then the cocone corresponding to the identity morphism on the representing object is a colimit cocone.

Equations