Bounded linear maps #
This file defines a class stating that a map between normed vector spaces is (bi)linear and
continuous.
Instead of asking for continuity, the definition takes the equivalent condition (because the space
is normed) that ∥f x∥ is bounded by a multiple of ∥x∥. Hence the "bounded" in the name refers to
∥f x∥/∥x∥ rather than ∥f x∥ itself.
Main definitions #
is_bounded_linear_map: Class stating that a mapf : E → Fis linear and has∥f x∥bounded by a multiple of∥x∥.is_bounded_bilinear_map: Class stating that a mapf : E × F → Gis bilinear and continuous, but through the simpler to provide statement that∥f (x, y)∥is bounded by a multiple of∥x∥ * ∥y∥is_bounded_bilinear_map.linear_deriv: Derivative of a continuous bilinear map as a linear map.is_bounded_bilinear_map.deriv: Derivative of a continuous bilinear map as a continuous linear map. The proof that it is indeed the derivative isis_bounded_bilinear_map.has_fderiv_atinanalysis.calculus.fderiv.
Main theorems #
is_bounded_bilinear_map.continuous: A bounded bilinear map is continuous.continuous_linear_equiv.is_open: The continuous linear equivalences are an open subset of the set of continuous linear maps between a pair of Banach spaces. Placed in this file because its proof usesis_bounded_bilinear_map.continuous.
Notes #
The main use of this file is is_bounded_bilinear_map. The file analysis.normed_space.multilinear
already expounds the theory of multilinear maps, but the 2-variables case is sufficiently simpler
to currently deserve its own treatment.
is_bounded_linear_map is effectively an unbundled version of continuous_linear_map (defined
in topology.algebra.module.basic, theory over normed spaces developed in
analysis.normed_space.operator_norm), albeit the name disparity. A bundled
continuous_linear_map is to be preferred over a is_bounded_linear_map hypothesis. Historical
artifact, really.
A function f satisfies is_bounded_linear_map 𝕜 f if it is linear and satisfies the
inequality ∥f x∥ ≤ M * ∥x∥ for some positive constant M.
A continuous linear map satisfies is_bounded_linear_map
Construct a linear map from a function f satisfying is_bounded_linear_map 𝕜 f.
Equations
Construct a continuous linear map from is_bounded_linear_map
Equations
- hf.to_continuous_linear_map = {to_linear_map := {to_fun := (is_bounded_linear_map.to_linear_map f hf).to_fun, map_add' := _, map_smul' := _}, cont := _}
Taking the cartesian product of two continuous multilinear maps is a bounded linear operation.
Given a fixed continuous linear map g, associating to a continuous multilinear map f the
continuous multilinear map f (g m₁, ..., g mₙ) is a bounded linear operation.
We prove some computation rules for continuous (semi-)bilinear maps in their first argument.
If f is a continuuous bilinear map, to use the corresponding rules for the second argument, use
(f _).map_add and similar.
We have to assume that F and G are normed spaces in this section, to use
continuous_linear_map.to_normed_add_comm_group, but we don't need to assume this for the first
argument of f.
- add_left : ∀ (x₁ x₂ : E) (y : F), f (x₁ + x₂, y) = f (x₁, y) + f (x₂, y)
- smul_left : ∀ (c : 𝕜) (x : E) (y : F), f (c • x, y) = c • f (x, y)
- add_right : ∀ (x : E) (y₁ y₂ : F), f (x, y₁ + y₂) = f (x, y₁) + f (x, y₂)
- smul_right : ∀ (c : 𝕜) (x : E) (y : F), f (x, c • y) = c • f (x, y)
- bound : ∃ (C : ℝ) (H : C > 0), ∀ (x : E) (y : F), ∥f (x, y)∥ ≤ C * ∥x∥ * ∥y∥
A map f : E × F → G satisfies is_bounded_bilinear_map 𝕜 f if it is bilinear and
continuous.
Useful to use together with continuous.comp₂.
Useful to use together with continuous.comp₂.
The function continuous_linear_map.smul_right, associating to a continuous linear map
f : E → 𝕜 and a scalar c : F the tensor product f ⊗ c as a continuous linear map from E to
F, is a bounded bilinear map.
The composition of a continuous linear map with a continuous multilinear map is a bounded bilinear operation.
Definition of the derivative of a bilinear map f, given at a point p by
q ↦ f(p.1, q.2) + f(q.1, p.2) as in the standard formula for the derivative of a product.
We define this function here as a linear map E × F →ₗ[𝕜] G, then is_bounded_bilinear_map.deriv
strengthens it to a continuous linear map E × F →L[𝕜] G.
``.
The derivative of a bounded bilinear map at a point p : E × F, as a continuous linear map
from E × F to G. The statement that this is indeed the derivative of f is
is_bounded_bilinear_map.has_fderiv_at in analysis.calculus.fderiv.
Equations
- h.deriv p = (h.linear_deriv p).mk_continuous_of_exists_bound _
The function lmul_left_right : 𝕜' × 𝕜' → (𝕜' →L[𝕜] 𝕜') is a bounded bilinear map.
Given a bounded bilinear map f, the map associating to a point p the derivative of f at
p is itself a bounded linear map.
The set of continuous linear equivalences between two Banach spaces is open #
In this section we establish that the set of continuous linear equivalences between two Banach spaces is an open subset of the space of linear maps between them.