Set integral #
In this file we prove some properties of ∫ x in s, f x ∂μ
. Recall that this notation
is defined as ∫ x, f x ∂(μ.restrict s)
. In integral_indicator
we prove that for a measurable
function f
and a measurable set s
this definition coincides with another natural definition:
∫ x, indicator s f x ∂μ = ∫ x in s, f x ∂μ
, where indicator s f x
is equal to f x
for x ∈ s
and is zero otherwise.
Since ∫ x in s, f x ∂μ
is a notation, one can rewrite or apply any theorem about ∫ x, f x ∂μ
directly. In this file we prove some theorems about dependence of ∫ x in s, f x ∂μ
on s
, e.g.
integral_union
, integral_empty
, integral_univ
.
We also define integrable_on f s μ := integrable f (μ.restrict s)
and prove theorems like
integrable_on_union : integrable_on f (s ∪ t) μ ↔ integrable_on f s μ ∧ integrable_on f t μ
.
Next we define a predicate integrable_at_filter (f : α → E) (l : filter α) (μ : measure α)
saying that f
is integrable at some set s ∈ l
and prove that a measurable function is integrable
at l
with respect to μ
provided that f
is bounded above at l ⊓ μ.ae
and μ
is finite
at l
.
Finally, we prove a version of the
Fundamental theorem of calculus
for set integral, see filter.tendsto.integral_sub_linear_is_o_ae
and its corollaries.
Namely, consider a measurably generated filter l
, a measure μ
finite at this filter, and
a function f
that has a finite limit c
at l ⊓ μ.ae
. Then ∫ x in s, f x ∂μ = μ s • c + o(μ s)
as s
tends to l.lift' powerset
, i.e. for any ε>0
there exists t ∈ l
such that
∥∫ x in s, f x ∂μ - μ s • c∥ ≤ ε * μ s
whenever s ⊆ t
. We also formulate a version of this
theorem for a locally finite measure μ
and a function f
continuous at a point a
.
Notation #
We provide the following notations for expressing the integral of a function on a set :
∫ a in s, f a ∂μ
ismeasure_theory.integral (μ.restrict s) f
∫ a in s, f a
is∫ a in s, f a ∂volume
Note that the set notations are defined in the file measure_theory/bochner_integration
,
but we reference them here because all theorems about set integrals are in this file.
TODO #
The file ends with over a hundred lines of commented out code. This is the old contents of this file
using the indicator
approach to the definition of ∫ x in s, f x ∂μ
. This code should be
migrated to the new definition.
A function f
is measurable at filter l
w.r.t. a measure μ
if it is ae-measurable
w.r.t. μ.restrict s
for some s ∈ l
.
Equations
- measurable_at_filter f l μ = ∃ (s : set α) (H : s ∈ l), ae_measurable f (measure_theory.measure.restrict μ s)
A function is integrable_on
a set s
if it is a measurable function and if the integral of
its pointwise norm over s
is less than infinity.
Equations
We say that a function f
is integrable at filter l
if it is integrable on some
set s ∈ l
. Equivalently, it is eventually integrable on s
in l.lift' powerset
.
Equations
- measure_theory.integrable_at_filter f l μ = ∃ (s : set α) (H : s ∈ l), measure_theory.integrable_on f s μ
Alias of integrable_at_filter.inf_ae_iff
.
If μ
is a measure finite at filter l
and f
is a function such that its norm is bounded
above at l
, then f
is integrable at l
.
Alias of measure.finite_at_filter.integrable_at_filter_of_tendsto_ae
.
Alias of measure.finite_at_filter.integrable_at_filter_of_tendsto
.
To prove something for an arbitrary integrable function in a second countable Borel normed group, it suffices to show that
- the property holds for (multiples of) characteristic functions;
- is closed under addition;
- the set of functions in the
L¹
space for which the property holds is closed. - the property is closed under the almost-everywhere equal relation.
It is possible to make the hypotheses in the induction steps a bit stronger, and such conditions
can be added once we need them (for example in h_add
it is only necessary to consider the sum of
a simple function with a multiple of a characteristic function and that the intersection
of their images is a subset of {0}
).
For a function f
and a measurable set s
, the integral of indicator s f
over the whole space is equal to ∫ x in s, f x ∂μ
defined as ∫ x, f x ∂(μ.restrict s)
.
Fundamental theorem of calculus for set integrals: if μ
is a measure that is finite at a
filter l
and f
is a measurable function that has a finite limit b
at l ⊓ μ.ae
, then ∫ x in s i, f x ∂μ = μ (s i) • b + o(μ (s i))
at a filter li
provided that s i
tends to l.lift' powerset
along li
. Since μ (s i)
is an ℝ≥0∞
number, we use (μ (s i)).to_real
in the
actual statement.
Often there is a good formula for (μ (s i)).to_real
, so the formalization can take an optional
argument m
with this formula and a proof of
(λ i, (μ (s i)).to_real) =ᶠ[li] m. Without these arguments,
m i = (μ (s i)).to_real` is used in the output.
Fundamental theorem of calculus for set integrals, nhds_within
version: if μ
is a locally
finite measure and f
is an almost everywhere measurable function that is continuous at a point a
within a measurable set t
, then ∫ x in s i, f x ∂μ = μ (s i) • f a + o(μ (s i))
at a filter li
provided that s i
tends to (𝓝[t] a).lift' powerset
along li
. Since μ (s i)
is an ℝ≥0∞
number, we use (μ (s i)).to_real
in the actual statement.
Often there is a good formula for (μ (s i)).to_real
, so the formalization can take an optional
argument m
with this formula and a proof of
(λ i, (μ (s i)).to_real) =ᶠ[li] m. Without these arguments,
m i = (μ (s i)).to_real` is used in the output.
Fundamental theorem of calculus for set integrals, nhds
version: if μ
is a locally finite
measure and f
is an almost everywhere measurable function that is continuous at a point a
, then
∫ x in s i, f x ∂μ = μ (s i) • f a + o(μ (s i))
at li
provided that s
tends to (𝓝 a).lift' powerset
along li. Since
μ (s i)is an
ℝ≥0∞number, we use
(μ (s i)).to_real` in the
actual statement.
Often there is a good formula for (μ (s i)).to_real
, so the formalization can take an optional
argument m
with this formula and a proof of
(λ i, (μ (s i)).to_real) =ᶠ[li] m. Without these arguments,
m i = (μ (s i)).to_real` is used in the output.
If a function is integrable at 𝓝[s] x
for each point x
of a compact set s
, then it is
integrable on s
.
A function which is continuous on a set s
is almost everywhere measurable with respect to
μ.restrict s
.
If a function is continuous on an open set s
, then it is measurable at the filter 𝓝 x
for
all x ∈ s
.
Fundamental theorem of calculus for set integrals, nhds_within
version: if μ
is a locally
finite measure, f
is continuous on a measurable set t
, and a ∈ t
, then ∫ x in (s i), f x ∂μ = μ (s i) • f a + o(μ (s i))
at li
provided that s i
tends to (𝓝[t] a).lift' powerset
along
li
. Since μ (s i)
is an ℝ≥0∞
number, we use (μ (s i)).to_real
in the actual statement.
Often there is a good formula for (μ (s i)).to_real
, so the formalization can take an optional
argument m
with this formula and a proof of
(λ i, (μ (s i)).to_real) =ᶠ[li] m. Without these arguments,
m i = (μ (s i)).to_real` is used in the output.
A function f
continuous on a compact set s
is integrable on this set with respect to any
locally finite measure.
A continuous function f
is integrable on any compact set with respect to any locally finite
measure.
A continuous function with compact closure of the support is integrable on the whole space.
Continuous linear maps composed with integration #
The goal of this section is to prove that integration commutes with continuous linear maps.
This holds for simple functions. The general result follows from the continuity of all involved
operations on the space L¹
. Note that composition by a continuous linear map on L¹
is not just
the composition, as we are dealing with classes of functions, but it has already been defined
as continuous_linear_map.comp_Lp
. We take advantage of this construction here.