Publications

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Conference and workshop papers

2026

• Towards Building Rust-Based Systems with Confidence
  Corinn Tiffany, Artem Agvanian, Ziyun (Alice) Song, Isabella Szabo, Kinan Dak Albab, Will Crichton, Philip Levis, Akshay Narayan, Deepti Raghavan, Malte Schwarzkopf
  To appear at PLOS 2026
  
• Towards Practically-Secure Tools for AI Agents [ACM]
  Justus Adam, Yuchen Lu, Deepti Raghavan, Malte Schwarzkopf, Nikos Vasilakis
  EuroMLSys 2026
  

2025

• Loom: Efficient Capture and Querying of High-Frequency Telemetry [ACM] [code]
  Franco Solleza, Shihang Li, William Sun, Richard Tang, Malte Schwarzkopf, Nesime Tatbul, Andrew Crotty, David Cohen, Stan Zdonik
  SOSP 2025
  
• Kernel Extension DSLs Should Be Verifier-Safe!
  Franco Solleza, Justus Adam, Andrew Crotty, Akshay Narayan, Malte Schwarzkopf, Nesime Tatbul
  eBPF 2025
  
• A Stakeholder-Based Framework to Highlight Tensions when Implementing Privacy Features [usenix]
  Julia Netter, Tim Nelson, Skyler Austen, Eva Lau, Colton Rusch, Malte Schwarzkopf, Kathi Fisler
  USENIX Security 2025
  
• Paralegal: Practical Static Analysis for Privacy Bugs [usenix] [code]
  Justus Adam, Carolyn Zech, Livia Zhu, Sreshtaa Rajesh, Nathan Harbison, Mithi Jethwa, Will Crichton, Shriram Krishnamurthi, Malte Schwarzkopf
  OSDI 2025
  
• Quicksand: Harnessing Stranded Datacenter Resources with Granular Computing [usenix] [code]
  Zhenyuan Ruan, Shihang Li, Kaiyan Fan, Marcos K. Aguilera, Adam Belay, Seo Jin Park, Malte Schwarzkopf
  NSDI 2025
  
• VectraFlow: Integrating Vectors into Stream Processing [CIDR]
  Duo Lu, Siming Feng, Jonathan Zhou, Franco Solleza, Malte Schwarzkopf, Uğur Çetintemel
  CIDR 2025
  

2024

• Sesame: Practical End-to-End Privacy Compliance with Policy Containers and Privacy Regions [ACM] [code]
  Kinan Dak Albab, Artem Agvanian, Allen Aby, Corinn Tiffany, Alexander Portland, Sarah Ridley, Malte Schwarzkopf
  SOSP 2024
  
• Mach: Firefighting Time-Critical Issues in Complex Systems Using High-Frequency Telemetry (Demo Paper) [VLDB] [code]
  Franco Solleza, Shihang Li, William Sun, Richard Tang, Malte Schwarzkopf, Nesime Tatbul, Andrew Crotty, David Cohen, Stan Zdonik
  VLDB 2024 (Demo Track)
  

2023

• Edna: Disguising and Revealing User Data in Web Applications [ACM] [code]
  Lillian Tsai, Hannah Gross, Eddie Kohler, Frans Kaashoek, Malte Schwarzkopf
  SOSP 2023
  
• K9db: Privacy-Compliant Storage For Web Applications By Construction [usenix] [code]
  Kinan Dak Albab, Ishan Sharma, Justus Adam, Benjamin Kilimnik, Aaron Jeyaraj, Raj Paul, Artem Agvanian, Leonhard Spiegelberg, Malte Schwarzkopf
  OSDI 2023
  
• Towards Increased Datacenter Efficiency with Soft Memory [SIGOPS] [ACM]
  Megan Frisella, Shirley Loayza Sanchez, Malte Schwarzkopf
  HotOS 2023
  
• Unleashing True Utility Computing with Quicksand [SIGOPS] [ACM]
  Zhenyuan Ruan, Shihang Li, Kaiyan Fan, Marcos K. Aguilera, Adam Belay, Seo Jin Park, Malte Schwarzkopf
  HotOS 2023
  
• Nu: Achieving Microsecond-Scale Resource Fungibility with Logical Processes [usenix] [code]
  Zhenyuan Ruan, Seo Jin Park, Marcos K. Aguilera, Adam Belay, Malte Schwarzkopf
  NSDI 2023
  

2022

• Retrofitting GDPR Compliance onto Legacy Databases [VLDB]
  Archita Agarwal, Marilyn George, Aaron Jeyaraj, Malte Schwarzkopf
  VLDB 2022
  

2021

• Privacy Heroes Need Data Disguises [SIGOPS] [ACM]
  Lillian Tsai, Malte Schwarzkopf, Eddie Kohler
  HotOS 2021 Best presentation runner-up
  
• Tuplex: Data Science in Python at Native Code Speed [ACM] [web] [code]
  Leonhard F. Spiegelberg, Rahul Yesantharao, Malte Schwarzkopf, Tim Kraska
  SIGMOD 2021
  

2020

• AIFM: High-Performance, Application-Integrated Far Memory [usenix] [code]
  Zhenyuan Ruan, Malte Schwarzkopf, Marcos Aguilera, Adam Belay
  OSDI 2020
  
• Shared Arrangements: practical inter-query sharing for streaming dataflows [VLDB]
  Frank McSherry, Andrea Lattuada, Malte Schwarzkopf, Timothy Roscoe
  VLDB 2020
  

2019

• Towards Safe Online Reinforcement Learning in Computer Systems
  Hongzi Mao, Malte Schwarzkopf, Hao He, Mohammad Alizadeh
  ML for Systems @ NeurIPS 2019
  
• GDPR Compliance by Construction
  Malte Schwarzkopf, Eddie Kohler, M. Frans Kaashoek, Robert Morris
  Poly 2019
  
• Learning Scheduling Algorithms for Data Processing Clusters [ACM] [website]
  Hongzi Mao, Malte Schwarzkopf, Shaileshh Bojja Venkatakrishnan, Zili Meng, Mohammad Alizadeh
  SIGCOMM 2019
  
• Towards Multiverse Databases [ACM]
  Alana Marzoev, Lara Timbó Araújo, Malte Schwarzkopf, Samyukta Yagati, Eddie Kohler, Robert Morris, M. Frans Kaashoek, Sam Madden
  HotOS 2019
  
• Variance Reduction for Reinforcement Learning in Input-Driven Environments [arXiv:1807.02264] [videos]
  Hongzi Mao, Shaileshh Bojja Venkatakrishnan, Malte Schwarzkopf, Mohammad Alizadeh
  ICLR 2019
  
• Conclave: secure multi-party computation on big data [ACM] [extended TR (with proofs)] [code]
  Nikolaj Volgushev, Malte Schwarzkopf, Ben Getchell, Andrei Lapets, Mayank Varia, Azer Bestavros
  EuroSys 2019
  

2018

• Noria: dynamic, partially-stateful data-flow for high-performance Web applications [usenix]
  Jon Gjengset*, Malte Schwarzkopf*, Jonathan Behrens, Lara Timbó Araújo, Martin Ek, Eddie Kohler, M. Frans Kaashoek, Robert Morris
  OSDI 2018
  
• Evaluating End-to-End Optimization for Data Analytics Applications in Weld [VLDB]
  Shoumik Palkar, James J. Thomas, Deepak Narayanan, Pratiksha Thaker, Rahul Palamuttam, Parimarjan Negi, Anil Shanbhag, Malte Schwarzkopf, Holger Pirk, Saman Amarasinghe, Samuel Madden, Matei Zaharia
  VLDB 2018
  

2017

• Weld: A Common Runtime for High Performance Data Analytics [CIDR]
  Shoumik Palkar, James J. Thomas, Anil Shanbhag, Deepak Narayanan, Holger Pirk, Malte Schwarzkopf, Saman Amarasinghe, Matei Zaharia
  CIDR 2017
  

2016

• Firmament: fast, centralized cluster scheduling at scale [usenix] [website]
  Ionel Gog, Malte Schwarzkopf, Adam Gleave, Robert N.M. Watson and Steven Hand
  OSDI 2016
  

2015

• Broom: sweeping out Garbage Collection from Big Data systems [usenix]
  Ionel Gog, Jana Giceva, Malte Schwarzkopf, Kapil Viswani, Dimitrios Vytiniotis, Ganesan Ramalingan, Manuel Costa, Derek Murray, Steven Hand and Michael Isard
  HotOS 2015
  
• Queues don't matter when you can JUMP them! [usenix] [website]
  Matthew P. Grosvenor, Malte Schwarzkopf, Ionel Gog, Andrew W. Moore, Robert N.M. Watson, Steven Hand and Jon Crowcroft
  NSDI 2015 – Best paper award!
  
• Musketeer: all for one, one for all in data processing systems [ACM DL]
  Ionel Gog, Malte Schwarzkopf, Natacha Crooks, Matthew P. Grosvenor, Allen Clement and Steven Hand
  EuroSys 2015
  

2013

• New wine in old skins: the case for distributed operating systems in the data center [ACM DL] [slides]
  Malte Schwarzkopf, Matthew P. Grosvenor and Steven Hand
  APSYS 2013
  
• Omega: flexible, scalable schedulers for large compute clusters [ACM DL] [slides, slides (PDF)]
  Malte Schwarzkopf, Andy Konwinski, Michael Abd-El-Malek and John Wilkes
  EuroSys 2013 – Best student paper award! Test-of-Time Award (2023)
  

2012

• The seven deadly sins of cloud computing research [usenix] [slides]
  Malte Schwarzkopf, Derek G. Murray and Steven Hand
  HotCloud 2012
  
• A down-to-earth look at the cloud host OS [ACM DL] [slides]
  Malte Schwarzkopf and Steven Hand
  HotCDP 2012
  
• The Case for Reconfigurable I/O Channels
  Steven Smith, Anil Madhavapeddy, Christopher Smowton, Malte Schwarzkopf, Richard Mortier, Robert Watson and Steven Hand
  RESoLVE 2012
  

2011

• Condensing the cloud: running Ciel on many-core [slides]
  Malte Schwarzkopf, Derek G. Murray and Steven Hand
  SFMA 2011
  
• Ciel: a universal execution engine for distributed data-flow computing [usenix]
  Derek G. Murray, Malte Schwarzkopf, Christopher Smowton, Steven Smith, Anil Madhavapeddy and Steven Hand
  NSDI 2011
  
• Unclouded Vision (invited paper) [springer]
  Jon Crowcroft, Anil Madhavapeddy, Malte Schwarzkopf, Theodore Hong and Richard Mortier
  ICDCN 2011
  

2010

• Unclouded Vision
  Jon Crowcroft, Anil Madhavapeddy, Malte Schwarzkopf, Theodore Hong and Richard Mortier
  Digital Futures 2010
  
• Using Dust Clouds to Enhance Anonymous Communication [slides]
  Richard Mortier, Anil Madhavapeddy, Theodore Hong, Derek G. Murray and Malte Schwarzkopf
  IWSP 2010
  

Theses/Dissertations

• Operating system support for warehouse-scale computing
  Malte Schwarzkopf
  PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory.
  Submitted: October 23, 2015.
  Defended: February 12, 2016.
  Approved: August 12, 2016.
  » Dissertation (8 MB, PDF)
• Proteus – Interactive Annotation-Based 3D Structure-from-Motion
  Malte Schwarzkopf
  BA (Part II) Dissertation, Cambridge Computer Science Tripos, May 2009.
  » Project website
  » Dissertation (13 MB, PDF)

Journal and Magazine articles

• Noria: A New Take on Fast Web Application Backends (invited submission) [usenix]
  Jon Gjengset, Malte Schwarzkopf, Jonathan Behrens, Lara Timbó Araújo, Martin Ek, Eddie Kohler, M. Frans Kaashoek, Robert Morris
  USENIX ;login: magazine, vol. 44, no. 1, Spring 2019.
  
• Research for Practice: Cluster Scheduling for Datacenters (invited submission)
  Malte Schwarzkopf, Peter Bailis (ed.)
  ACM Queue, vol. 15, no. 5, September-October 2017. [online] [ACM DL]
  Communications of the ACM, vol. 61, no. 5, May 2018. [online] [ACM DL]
• Non-volatile storage (invited submission)
  Mihir Nanavati, Malte Schwarzkopf, Jake Wires and Andrew Warfield
  ACM Queue, vol. 13, no. 9, November-December 2015. [ACM DL]
  Communications of the ACM, vol. 59, no. 1, January 2016. [ACM DL]
• Jump the queue to lower latency (invited submission) [usenix]
  Matthew P. Grosvenor, Malte Schwarzkopf, Ionel Gog and Andrew W. Moore
  USENIX ;login: magazine, vol. 40, no. 2, April 2015.
  
• Raft Refloated: Do We Have Consensus? [ACM DL]
  Heidi Howard, Malte Schwarzkopf, Anil Madhavapeddy and Jon Crowcroft
  ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review – Special Issue on Repeatability and Sharing of Experimental Artifacts 49.1 (January 2015).
  
• Please mind the gap between intra- and inter-chassis parallelism! [on the TinyToCS site]
  Malte Schwarzkopf, Derek G. Murray and Steven Hand
  In volume 1 of Tiny Transactions on Computer Science (TinyToCS)
  

Other material

As a side-effect of my research, I have produced various assets that people seem to find interesting:

• Overview diagrams and a bibliographies of the published components of Google and Facebook data center stacks (from the background chapter of my PhD dissertation).
• A talk and slide deck on the anatomy of a modern scalable infrastructure stack, drawing on examples of systems used at Google and Facebook.

Media coverage

My research occasionally gets covered outside academic circles and in the press. Here is a list of some things people have written. You can follow me on Twitter to find out about these occasions in real time!

• July 7, 2021: Tuplex on Datanami and CDOTrends.
• July 1, 2021: Tuplex on Brown News.
• June 17, 2019: the morning paper – covers multiverse databases.
• October 29, 2018: the morning paper – covers Noria.
• November 30, 2016: the morning paper – covers Firmament.
• December 7, 2015: "TNS Analysts: Talking OpenShift and Schedulers at KubeCon 2015" – mentions Firmament.
• September 2015: "Google's Data Architecture and What it Takes to Work at Scale" – covers my talk on scalable distributed systems stacks.
• May 12, 2015: the morning paper – covers QJump.
• April 27, 2015: the morning paper – covers Musketeer (part I, part II)