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Contrast Effects
Try counting the number of black dots in the grid:
The black dots you see are fleeting, and any individual dot will turn white as soon as you focus on it. Clearly, all the dot are actually white, yet at a glance we still perceive some of them as being black.
The unsettling effect seen in this image (called a Hermann Grid) is one of many optical illusions that take advantage of the way our visual system processes contrast information. Let's take a closer look at how it works.