Russian Meddling in the 2016 US Elections

Compiled by John E. Savage Brown University Providence, RI

Indictments

1. Mueller probe indicts 12 Russians with hacking of Democrats in 2016 by Devlin Barrett and Matt Zapotosky, The Washington Post, July 13, 2018
2. Read Mueller's full indictment against 12 Russian officers for election interference, PBS News Hour, July 14, 2018

News Articles

1. The Agency by Adrienne Chen, The New York Times, June 2, 2015
   At the Internet Research Agency the Russians have an army of well-paid "trolls" in place whose purpose is wreak havoc on the Internet.
   This New York Times video explains bots and trolls.
2. Why Russia's Showdown with the West Will Worsen, by Vitaliy Katsenelson, November 26, 2015
3. Clinton campaign - and some cyber experts - say Russia is behind email release, by Tom Hamburger and Ellen Kakashima, The Washington Post, July 7, 2014
4. Russian PM Medvedev equates relations with West to a 'new Cold War' by Ray Sanchez, Nic Robertson and Don Melvin, CNN, February 15, 2016
5. Is Moscow Trying to Influence U.S. Election?, by Paul McLeary with Adam Rawnslef and Elias Groll, Foreign Policy, July 25, 2016
6. What Does the US Government Know About Russia and the DNC Hack? Susan Hennessey, Lawfare Institute, July 25, 2016
7. Spy Agency Consensus Grows That Russia Hacked D.N.C. by David E. Sanger and Eric Schmitt, July 26, 2016
8. After DNC leaks, Obama hints at possible motive for Russia to help Trump, by Tom Hamburger, The Washington Post, July 26, 2016
9. D.N.C. Hack Raises a Frightening Question: What's Next? by Amanda Taub, The New York Times, July 29, 2016
10. Russian hackers targeted Arizona election system by Ellen Nakashima, The Washington Post, August 29, 2016 Russian television shows what the Kremlin thinks of Clinton by Associated Press, July 31, 2016
11. U.S. investigating potential covert Russian plan to disrupt November elections by Dana Priest, Ellen Nakashima and Tom Hamburger, The Washington Post, September 5, 2016
12. Russia previously tried to influence US elections,says spy chief by John Ribeiro, IDG News Service, September 21, 2016
13. U.S. government officially accuses Russia of hacking campaign to interfere with elections, by Ellen Nakashima, The Washington Post, October 7, 2016
14. Seven Reasons the New Russian Hack Announcement Is a Big Deal: It might turn out to be bigger than the Trump tape, by Julia Ioffe, Politico, October 08, 2016
15. State Dept. Official Urges 'Strong' U.S. Response to Election Hacking By Russia, by John Hudson, Foreign Policy, October 13, 2016
16. Theft of Trump files raises eyebrows, by Katie Bo Williams, The Hill, October 14, 2016
17. The Russian Expat Leading the Fight to Protect America: In a War Against Hackers, Dmitri Alperovitch and Crowdstrike are Our Special Forces (and Putin's Worst Nightmare) by Vicky Ward, Esquire, October 24, 2016
18. U.S. officials warn of Russian mischief in election and beyond, by Greg Miller and Adam Entous, The Washington Post, November 3, 2016
19. Trolling for Trump: How Russia is Trying to Destroy Our Democracy by Andrew Weisburd, Clint Watts and Jm Berger, War on the Rocks, November 6, 2016
    This article, which was published before the election, explains how the Russian government used active measures to "to sow distrust in the American system of government."
20. Russian 'Dukes' of Hackers Pounce on Trump Win, by Brian Krebs, November 16, 2016
21. Americans keep looking away from the election's most alarming story, by Eric Chenoweth, The Washington Post, November 25, 2016
22. After a Cyberattack, Germany Fears Election Disruption, by Melissa Eddy, The New York Times, December 8, 2016
23. McCaskill calls Russian meddling in elections 'a form of warfare', by Mallory Shelbourne, The Hill, December 11, 2016
24. The Perfect Weapon: How Russian Cyberpower Invaded the U.S., by Eric Lipton, David E. Sanger and Scott Shane, The New York Times, December 13, 2016
25. Russia's Hacks Followed Years of Paranoia Toward Hillary Clinton, by Max Fisher, The New York Times, December 16, 2016
26. Obama Confronts Complexity of Using a Mighty Cyberarsenal Against Russia, by David E. Sanger, The New York Times, December 17, 2016
27. Russia's Hybrid War Against the West by Guy Verhofstadt, Project Syndicate, December 23, 2016
28. Obama Strikes Back at Russia for Election Hacking, by David E. Sanger, The New York Times, December 29, 2016
29. Trump Gets an Opening from Russia, but the Path Is Risky, by David E. Sanger, Eric Schmitt and Michael R. Gordon, The New York Times, December 30, 2016
30. U.S. intercepts capture senior Russian officials celebrating Trump win, by Adam Entous and Greg Miller, The Washington Post, January 5, 2017
31. These Reports Allege Trump Has Deep Ties To Russia: A dossier, compiled by a person who has claimed to be a former British intelligence official, alleges Russia has compromising information on Trump. The allegations are unverified, and the report contains errors by Ken Bensinger, Miriam Elder, Mark Schoofs, BuzzFeed, January 10, 2017
32. Why did Obama dawdle on Russia's hacking? by David Ignatius, The Washington Post, January 12, 2017
33. Russians Charged With Treason Worked in Office Linked to Election Hacking, by Scott Shane, David E. Sanger and Andrew E. Kramer, The New York Times, January 27, 2017
34. Russian Cyber Operations 2017, Harvard Kennedy School, February 1, 2017
35. Senate subpanel launches new Russia hacking probe, by Martin Matishak, Politico, February 2, 2017
36. Russian Arrests Spur Questions Over Links to U.S. Hacking: Russian news media have connected the arrests of two intelligence officials and a cybersecurity expert to a treason case, by Nathan Hodge, Olga Razumovskaya, and Shane Harris, Wall Street Journal, February 5, 2017
37. Senators hone in on Russia's cyber capabilities, by Sean D. Carberry, FCW, February 9, 2017
38. Fake News, Fake Ukrainians: How a Group of Russians Tilted a Dutch Vote, by Andrew Higgins, The New York Times, Februarty 16, 2017
39. Vladimir Putin's Political Meddling Revives Old KGB Tactics, by Andrew Weiss, Wall Street Journal, February 17, 2017
40. A Back-Channel Plan for Ukraine and Russia, Courtesy of Trump Associates, by Megan Twohey and Scott Shane, The New York Times, February 19, 2017
41. Contradicting Trump on Russia: Russian Officials, by Matthew Rosenberg, New York Times, February 20, 2017
42. Trump lawyer pushed pro-Russia deal for Ukraine, politician claims, by Nick Paton Walsh, Salma Abdelaziz and Victoria Butenko, CNN, February 23, 2017
43. Russia's assault on America's elections is just one example of a global threat, by David Ignatius, The Washington Post, February 23, 2017
44. NSA Head: Russian Interference in U.S. Election, 'Hey This Happened', by Sam LaGrone, USNI News, February 23, 2017
45. Trump administration sought to enlist intelligence officials, key lawmakers to counter Russia stories, by Greg Miller and Adam Entous, The Washington Post, February 24, 2017
46. New Commerce Secretary at nexus of lucrative Trump Russian deal, MSNBC, February 27, 2017
47. White House accused of blocking information on bank's Trump-Russia links, by Stephanie Kirchgaessner, The Guardian, February 23, 2017
48. House Bill Aims for 'Race to the Top' in Election Security by Joseph Marks, NextGov, March 7, 2017
49. Trump Adviser Had Twitter Contact With Figure Tied to Russians by Matthew Rosenberg and Maggie Haberman, The New York Times, March 11, 2017
50. Yahoo Hacking Charges Cast New Light on Ties Between Russian Intelligence, Cybercriminals by Nathan Hodge, Wall Street Journal, March 15, 2017
51. FBI's Russian-influence probe includes a look at Brietbart, InfoWars news site by Peter Stone and Greg Gordon, McClatchey, March 20, 2017 (See here for original website.)
52. Russia's radical new strategy for information warfare by David Ignatius, The Washington Post, January 18, 2017.
    In this article Ignatius reports that in February 2016 Andrey Krutskikh said that "Russia was working on new strategies for the 'information arena' that would be equivalent to testing a nuclear bomb and would 'allow us to talk to Americans as equals.' " At the time Krutskikh was the "special representative of the president for the Russian Federation for international cooperation in the field of information security."
53. The New Handbook For Cyberwar Is Being Written By Russia by Sheera Frankel, BuzzFeed News, March 19, 2017
54. AP Exclusive: Manafort had plan to benefit Putin government by Jeff Horwitz and Chad Day, AP, March 22, 2017
55. Top Russian Officials Discussed How to Influence Trump Aides Last Summer by Matthew Rosenberg, Adam Goldman and Matt Apuzzo, The New York Times, March 24, 2017
56. U.S. needs to stop Russian electoral interference, NSA's top civilian leader says by Ellen Nakashima, The Washington Post, March 25, 2017
57. Senate Committee to Question Jared Kushner Over Meetings With Russians by Jo Becker, Matthew Rosenberg and Maggie Haberman, The New York Times, March 27, 2017
58. Trump's business network reached alleged Russian mobsters by Oren Dorell, USA TODAY, March 28, 2017
59. Cheney delivers a statement on Russian meddling: It's an 'act of war' by Kristine Phillips, The New York Times, March 28, 2017
60. Russian Intelligence Cyber Actors Target US Companies to Obtain Information on Voting Machine Hardware and Software, Declassified Report, National Security Agency, April 2017.
61. Michael Flynn Failed to Disclose Payments From Russian Propaganda Network by Lachlan Markay, The Daily Beast, April 1, 2017
62. A Former Trump Adviser Met With A Russian Spy by Ali Watkins, BuzzFeed News, April 3, 2017
63. Blackwater founder held secret Seychelles meeting to establish Trump-Putin back channel by Adam Entous, Greg Miller, Kevin Sieff and Karen DeYoung, The Washington Post, April 3, 2017
64. C.I.A. Had Evidence of Russian Effort to Help Trump Earlier Than Believed by Eric Lichtblau, The New York Times, April 6, 2017
65. Kushner Omitted Meeting With Russians on Security Clearance Forms by Jo Becker and Matthew Rosenberg, The New York Times, April 6, 2017
66. Russian Spies Tried to Recruit Carter Page Before He Advised Trump by Adam Goldman, The New York Times, April 4, 2017
67. FBI obtained FISA warrant to monitor Trump adviser Carter Page By Ellen Nakashima, Devlin Barrett and Adam Entous, The Washington Post, April 11, 2017
68. After Campaign Exit, Manafort Borrowed From Businesses With Trump Ties by Mike McIntire, The New York Times, April 12, 2017
69. Court Approved Wiretap on Trump Campaign Aide Over Russia Ties by Matthew Rosenberg and Matt Apuzzo, The New York Times, April 12, 2017
70. British spies were first to spot Trump team's links with Russia by Luke Harding, Stephanie Kirchgaessner and Nick Hopkins, Guardian, April 13, 2017
71. Trump boasts of hiring only the best, but picks haunt him by Julie Pace, Associated Press, April 13, 2017
72. Trump Adviser's Visit to Moscow Got the F.B.I.'s Attention by Scott Shane, Mark Mazzetti and Adam Goldman, The New York Times, April 19, 2017
73. Exclusive: Putin-linked think tank drew up plan to sway 2016 U.S. election - documents, by Ned Parker, Jonathan Landay and John Walcott, Reuters, April 20, 2017
74. A scholar asks, 'Can democracy survive the Internet?' by Dan Balz, The Washington Post, April 22, 2017
75. Senate Trump-Russia Probe Has No Full‐Time Staff, No Key Witnesses by Tim Mak, The Daily Beast, April 23, 2017
76. Russia's Digital War on the West Is Just Getting Started by Uri Friedman, DefenseOne, April 26, 2017
77. Michael Flynn's fall tells a much bigger story by David Ignatius, The Washington Post, April 27, 2017
78. The mystery behind a Flynn associate's quiet work for the Trump campaign by Matea Gold, The Washington Post, May 4, 2017
79. Flynn was warned by Trump transition officials about contacts with Russian ambassador by Greg Miller and Adam Entous, The Washington Post, May 5, 2017
80. Trump fires Comey as FBI director; Democrats call for a special prosecutor in Russia investigation by David Lauter and Michael A. Memoli, The Washington Post, May 9, 2017
81. Comey's removal sparks fears about future of Russia probe by Ellen Nakashima and Matt Zapotosky, The Washington Post, May 9, 2017
82. The Comey debacle only magnifies the Russia mystery by David Ignatius, The Washington Post,May 9, 2017
83. Furor over Comey firing grows with news that he sought resources for Russia investigation before his dismissal by Elise Viebeck, Ed O'Keefe, Sean Sullivan and Paul Kane, The Washington Post, May 10, 2017
84. Behind Comey's firing: An enraged Trump, fuming about Russia by Josh Dawsey, Politico, May 10, 2017
85. Russian State-Run Bank Financed Deal Involving Trump Hotel Partner by Rob Barry, Christopher S. Stewart and Brett Forrest, The Wall Street Journal, May 17, 2017
86. Trump campaign had at least 18 undisclosed contacts with Russians by Ned Parker, Jonathan Landay and Warren Strobel, Reuters, May 18, 2017
87. US spies heard Russian intelligence agent vowing to target Clinton: report by Mark Hensch, The Hill, May 18, 2017
88. Russian officials bragged they could use Flynn to influence Trump, sources say by Gloria Borger, Pamela Brown, Jim Sciutto, Marshall Cohen and Eric Lichtblau, CNN, May 19, 2017
89. Jared Kushner trying to secretly talk to the Russians is the biggest billow of smoke yet by Amber Phillips, The Washington Post, May 26, 2017
90. How a dubious Russian document influenced the FBI's handling of the Clinton probe by Karoun Demirjian and Devlin Barrett, The Washington Post, May 24, 2017
91. Former Trump campaign chairman submits Russiarelated documents to intelligence panels By Tom Hamburger, The Washington Post, May 24, 2017
92. Sessions didn't disclose meetings with Russian officials on security clearance form by Sari Horwitz, The Washington Post, Marcy 24, 2017
93. Russian ambassador told Moscow that Kushner wanted secret communications channel with Kremlin by Ellen Nakashima, Adam Entous and Greg Miller, The Washington Post, May 26, 2017
94. How Alleged Russian Hacker Teamed Up With Florida GOP Operative Political consultant Aaron Nevins received documents from hacker 'Guccifer 2.0' and posted some on his blog by Alexandra Berzon and Rob Barry, The Wall Street Journal, May 25, 2017
95. Jared Kushner trying to secretly talk to the Russians is the biggest billow of smoke yet by Amber Phillips, The Washington Post, May 26, 2017
96. Investigation Turns to Kushner's Motives in Meeting With a Putin Ally by Matthew Rosenberg, Mark Mazzetti and Maggie Haberman, The New York Times, May 29, 2017
97. Russians discussed potentially 'derogatory' information about Trump and associates during campaign by Pamela Brown, Jim Sciutto and Dana Bash, CNN, May 30, 2017
98. Maybe Private Russian Hackers Meddled in Election, Putin Says by Andrew Higgins, The New York Times, June 1, 2017
    In this article Putin hints that Russians may have meddled in the US 2016 elections.
99. Putin Nods to Prospect That 'Patriotic' Russian Hackers Launched Cyberattacks by Nathan Hodge, The Wall Street Journal, June 1, 2017
100. What does Russia think about all this? 'Washington has gone crazy.' by David Ignatius, The Washington Poast, June 1, 2017
101. Explanations for Kushner's meeting with head of Kremlin-linked bank don't match up by David Filipov, Amy Brittain, Rosalind S. Helderman and Tom Hamburger, The Washington Post, June 1, 2017
102. Putin calls U.S. election-meddling charge a 'load of nonsense' in Megyn Kelly interview by David A. Fahrenthold, The Washington Post, June 4, 2017
103. Bank at Center of U.S. Inquiry Projects Russian 'Soft Power' by Ben Protess, Andrew E. Kramer and Mike McIntire, The New York Times, June 4, 2017
104. Top-Secret NSA Report Details Russian Hacking Effort Days Before 2016 Election by Matthew Cole, Richard Esposito, Sam Biddle, Ryan Grim, The Intercept, June 5 2017
105. Housing developer builds resilience with DRaaS: Lightning strike puts disaster recovery plan to the test by Ann Bednarz, Network World, July 5, 2017
106. Putin's campaign of personal revenge against the United States by David Ignatius, The Washington Post, June 6, 2017
107. Trump-Comey Feud Eclipses a Warning on Russia: 'They Will Be Back' by Peter Baker and David E. Sanger, The New York Times, June 10, 2017
108. Mike Flynn's Pro-Turkey Work: An Unfinished Documentary to Boost Country's Image by Dion Nissenbaum, The Wall Street Journal, May 30, 2017
109. Russian Cyber Hacks on U.S. Electoral System Far Wider Than Previously Known by Michael Riley and Jordan Robertson, Bloomberg, June 13, 2017
110. Trump Stews, Staff Steps In, and Mueller Is Safe for Now by Glenn Thrush, Maggie Haberman and Julie Hirschfeld Davis, The New York Times, June 13, 2017
111. How Michael Flynn's Disdain for Limits Led to a Legal Quagmire by Nicholas Confessore, Matthew Rosenberg and Danny Hakim, The New York Times, June 18, 2017
112. F.B.I. Investigating Deals Involving Paul Manafort and Son-in-Law by Mike Mcintire, The New York Times, June 23, 2017
113. Obama's secret struggle to punish Russia for Putin's election assault by Greg Miller, Ellen Nakashima and Adam Entous, The Washington Post, June 23, 2017.
     See the following commentary on this news article.
     • THE COMPARTMENTS IN WAPO'sS RUSSIAN HACK MAGNUM OPUS, emptywheel blog, June 23, 2017
114. FBI has questioned Trump campaign adviser Carter Page at length in Russia probe by Devlin Barrett, The Washington Post, June 26, 2017
115. GOP Operative Sought Clinton Emails From Hackers, Implied a Connection to Flynn by Shane Harris, The Wall Street Journal, June 29, 2017
116. The Time I Got Recruited to Collude with the Russians by Matt Tait, Lawfare, June 30, 2017
117. How U.S. presidents missed the Russia threat -- until it was much, much too late by Anne Applebaum, The Washington Post, June 30, 2017
118. GOP Activist Who Sought Clinton Emails Cited Trump Campaign Officials by Shane Harris, Michael C. Bender and Peter Nicholas, The Wall Street Journal, July 1, 2017
119. Trump Foot Soldier Sidelined Under Glare of Russia Inquiry by Michael Schwirtz, William K. Rashbaum and Danny Hakim, The New York Times, July 2, 2017
120. Former NATO Commander: Alliance Needs to Take Cyber Fight to Russia's Door by Patrick Tucker, Defense One, July 6, 2017
121. Trump Team Met With Lawyer Linked to Kremlin During Campaign by Jo Becker, Matt Apuzzo and Adam Goldman, The New York Times, July 8, 2017
122. Trump's Son Met With Russian Lawyer After Being Promised Damaging Information on Clinton By Jo Becker, Matt Apuzzo and Adam Goldman, The New York Times, July 9, 2017
123. Trump Jr. Was Told in Email of Russian Effort to Aid Campaign by Matt Apuzzo, Jo Becker, Adam Goldman and Maggie Haberman, The New York Times, July 10, 2017
124. Russian Dirt on Clinton? 'I Love It,' Donald Trump Jr. Said by Jo Becker, Adam Goldman and Matt Apuzzo, The New York Times, July 11, 2017
125. Trump-Russia investigators probe Jared Kushner-run digital operation by Peter Stone and Greg Gordon, McClatchy Washington Bureau, July 12, 2017
126. Russian Officials Overheard Discussing Trump Associates Before Campaign Began by Shane Harris, The Wall Street Journal, July 12, 2017
127. Sources: Trump lawyers knew of Russia emails back in June by Michael Isikoff, Yahoo! News, July 13, 2017
128. Former Soviet Counterintelligence Officer at Meeting With Donald Trump Jr. and Russian Lawyer by Ken Dilanian, Natasha Lebedeva and Hallie Jackson, NBC News, July 14, 2017
129. Russian American lobbyist was present at Trump Jr.'s meeting with Kremlin-connected lawyer by Tom Hamburger and Rosalind S. Helderman, The Washington Post, July 14, 2017
130. Russian-American lobbyist joined Trump's son's meeting, too by Desmond Butler and Chad Day, Associated Press, July 14, 2017
     In this article the lobbyist, Akhmetshin, said that the Russian lawyer Veselnitskaya brought with her a plastic folder with printed-out documents that detailed what she believed was the flow of illicit funds to the Democrats.
131. The Master of 'Kompromat' Believed to Be Behind Trump Jr.'s Meeting by Andrew E. Kramer, The New York Times, July 17, 2017
132. Eighth person in Trump Tower meeting is identified by Rosalind S. Helderman and Tom Hamburger, The Washington Post, July 18, 2017
133. Big German Bank, Key to Trump's Finances, Faces New Scrutiny by Ben Protess, Jessica Silver-Greenberg and Jesse Drucker, The New York Times, July 19, 2017
134. Mueller Expands Probe to Trump Business Transactions by Greg Farrell Christian Berthelsen, Bloomberg, July 20, 2017
135. Kushner updates financial disclosure after omitting dozens of assets by Brandon Carter, The Hill, July 7, 2017
136. Lawyer who met with Trump Jr. had Russian intelligence connections by Andrew Roth, The Washington Post, July 21, 2017
137. Sessions discussed Trump campaign-related matters with Russian ambassador, U.S. intelligence intercepts show by Adam Entous, Ellen Nakashima and Greg Miller, The Washington Post, July 21, 2017
138. The Russians Were Involved. But It Wasn't About Collusion by Daniel Hoffman, The New Yrok Times, July 28, 2017
139. Trump dictated son's misleading statement on meeting with Russian lawyer by Ashley Parker, Carol D. Leonnig, Philip Rucker and Tom Hamburger, The Washington Post, July 31, 2017
140. A timeline of the explosive lawsuit alleging a White House link in the Seth Rich conspiracy by Philip Bump, The Washington Post, August 1, 2017
141. Trump aides' stunning cry for help: Admitting the president misled the American people by Aaron Blake, The Washington Post, August 1, 2017
142. U.S. Attorney Subpoenas Kushner Cos. Over Investment-For-Visa Program by Erica Orden, Aruna Viswanatha and Byron Tau, The Washington Post, August 2, 2017
143. Trump campaign emails show aide's repeated efforts to set up Russia meetings by Tom Hamburger, Carol D. Leonnig and Rosalind S. Helderman, The Washington Post, August 14, 2017
144. In Ukraine, a Malware Expert Who Could Blow the Whistle on Russian Hacking by Andrew E. Kramer and Andrew Higgins, The New York Times, August 16, 2017
145. Lobbyist at Trump Campaign Meeting Has a Web of Russian Connections by Sharon LaFraniere, David D. Kirkpatrick and Kenneth P. Vogel, The New York Times, August 21, 2017
146. Glenn Simpson, key figure behind million-dollar 'dossier,' to face questions by Brian Ross, Matthew Mosk, and Rhonda Schwartz, ABC News, August 22, 2017
147. Exclusive: Top Trump aide's email draws new scrutiny in Russia inquiry by Manu Raju and Marshall Cohen, CNN, August 24, 2017
148. Russians Arrested on Treason Charges Helped U.S. Catch Hacker, Report Says by Andrew E. Kramer, The New York Times, August 25, 2017
149. Special Counsel Examines Possible Role Flynn Played in Seeking Clinton Emails From Hackers by Shane Harris, The Wall Street Journal, August 25, 2017
150. Putin saw the Panama Papers as a personal attack and may have wanted revenge, Russian authors say, by Adam Taylor, The Washington Post, August 28, 2017
151. Top Trump Organization executive asked Putin aide for help on business deal by Rosalind S. Helderman, Carol D. Leonnig and Tom Hamburger, The Washington Post, August 28, 2017
152. Mueller Has Early Draft of Trump Letter Giving Reasons for Firing Comey by Michael S. Schmidt and Maggie Haberman, The New York Times, September 1, 2017
153. Software Glitch or Russian Hackers? Election Problems Draw Little Scrutiny by Nicole Perlroth, Michael Wines and Matthew Rosenberg, The New York Times, September 1, 2017
154. Mueller examining Trump's draft letter firing FBI Director Comey by Rosalind S. Helderman, Carol D. Leonnig and Ashley Parker, The Washington Post, September 1, 2017
155. Fake Russian Facebook Accounts Bought $100,000 in Political Ads by Scott Shane and Vindu Goel, The New York Times, September 6, 2017
156. The Fake Americans Russia Created to Influence the Election by Scott Shane, The New York Times, September 7, 2017
157. Facebook Wins, Democracy Loses by Siva Vaidhyanathan, The New York Times, September 8, 2017
158. Russia's Fake Americans by The Editorial Board, The New York Times, September 8, 2017
159. Russia Sought A Broad Reset With Trump, Secret Document Shows by John Hudson,, BuzzFeed News, September 12, 2017
160. Mueller Probe Has 'Red-Hot' Focus on Social Media, Officials Say by Chris Strohm, Bloomberg, September 13, 2017
161. Flynn Promoted Nuclear-Plant Project While in White House by Christopher S. Stewart, Rob Barry and Shane Harris, The Washington Post, September 13, 2017
162. RT, Sputnik and Russia's New Theory of War: How the Kremlin built one of the most powerful information weapons of the 21st century - and why it may be impossible to stop by Jim Rutenberg, The New York Times, September 13, 2017
163. Trump Humiliated Jeff Sessions After Mueller Appointment by Michael S. Schmidt and Maggie Haberman, The New York Times, September 14, 2017
164. Trump Advisers Secretly Met With Jordan's King While One Was Pushing A Huge Nuclear Power Deal by Jason Leopold, Chris McDaniel, and Anthony Cormier, BuzzFeed, September 15, 2017
165. Trump Lawyers Clash Over How Much to Cooperate With Russia Inquiry by Peter Baker and Kenneth P. Vogel, The New York Times, September 17, 2017
166. With a Picked Lock and a Threatened Indictment, Mueller's Inquiry Sets a Tone by Sharon LaFraniere, Matt Apuzzo and Adam Goldman, The New York Times, September 18, 2017
167. Mueller casts broad net in requesting extensive records from Trump White House by Carol D. Leonnig and Rosalind S. Helderman, The Washington Post, September 20, 2017
168. Mueller Seeks White House Documents Related to Trump's Actions as President by Michael Schmidt, The New York Times, September 20, 2017
169. Exclusive: Russians Appear to Use Facebook to Push Trump Rallies in 17 U.S. Cities by Ben Collins, Gideon Resnick, Kevin Poulsen, and Spencer Ackerman, The Daily Beast, September 20. 2017
170. Manafort offered to give Russian billionaire 'private briefings' on 2016 campaign by Tom Hamburger, Rosalind S. Helderman, Carol D. Leonnig and Adam Entous, The Washington Post, September 20, 2017
171. "How do we use [this] to get whole?" The most intriguing new Paul Manafort-Russia email by Aaron Blake, The Washington Post, September 20, 2017
172. 'How do we use [this] to get whole?': The most intriguing new Paul Manafort-Russia email by Aaron Blake, The Washington Post, September 20, 2017
173. Facebook to Turn Over Russian-Linked Ads to Congress by Scott Shane and Mike Isaac, The New York Times, September 21, 2017
174. German Election Mystery: Why No Russian Meddling? by Michael Schwirtz, The New York Times, September 21, 2017
175. Russian operatives used Facebook ads to exploit America's racial and religious divisions by Adam Entous, Craig Timberg and Elizabeth Dwoskin, The Washington Post, September 25, 2017
176. Russian-funded Facebook ads backed Stein, Sanders and Trump: At least one touted Jill Stein, the Green Party candidate, who Clinton says "may well have thrown the election to Trump." by Josh Dawsey, Politico, September 26, 2017
177. Twitter, With Accounts Linked to Russia, to Face Congress Over Role in Election by Daisuke Wakabayashi and Scott Shane, The New York Times, September 27, 2017
178. Exclusive: Russians Impersonated Real American Muslims to Stir Chaos on Facebook and Instagram by Ben Collins, Kevin Poulsen, and Spencer Ackerman, The Daily Beast, September 27, 2017
179. Former DHS chief feared catastrophic attack on election systems by Mark Rockwell, FCW, September 27, 2017
180. DHS Chief: We'll Do Better Next Time On Election Meddling by Joseph Marks, Nextgov, September 27, 2017
181. Twitter, With Accounts Linked to Russia, to Face Congress Over Role in Election by Daisuke Wakabayashi and Scott Shane, The New York Times, September 27, 2017
182. Exclusive: Russians Impersonated Real American Muslims to Stir Chaos on Facebook and Instagram: Kremlin trolls stole the identity of an authentic U.S. Muslim organization —first to smear John McCain and Hillary Clinton, then to sing her praises by Ben Collins, Kevin Poulsen, and Spencer Ackerman, The Daily Beast, September 27, 2017mueller seek
183. Oxford study: Fake news rife on Twitter during election week: More than 7 million tweets studied by Donie O'Sullivan, KSAT, September 28, 2017
184. Twitter finds 201 accounts tied to Russian agents who posted on Facebook by Elizabeth Dwoskin, Adam Entous and Karoun Demirjian, The Washington Post, September 28, 2017
185. Junk news and Russian misinformation flooded Twitter during the 2016 election: The new study, from researchers at Oxford, comes as Twitter prepares to brief Congress by Tony Romm and Rani Molla, Recode, September 28, 2017
186. Google Prepares to Brief Congress on Its Role in Election by Daisuke Wakabayashi, The New York Times, September 29, 2017
187. Facebook's Russia-Linked Ads Came in Many Disguises by Mike Isaac and Scott Shane, The New York Times, October 2, 2017
188. More than 60\% of Singapore-listed companies score well on cyber security: Study by Ann Williams, The Straits Times, October 2, 2017
189. Trump's company had more contact with Russia during campaign, according to documents turned over to investigators by Tom Hamburger, Rosalind S. Helderman and Adam Entous, The New York Times, October 2, 2017
190. Facebook Estimates 10 Million Users Saw Russian-Backed Ads by Georgia Wells and Natalie Andrews, The Washington Post, October 2, 2017
191. Russians took a page from corporate America by using Facebook tool to ID and influence voters by Elizabeth Dwoskin, Craig Timberg and Adam Entous, The Washington Post, October 2, 2017
192. Equifax's Ex-CEO to Outline Series of Mishaps That Led to Hack by AnnaMaria Andriotis and Michael Rapoport, The Wall Street Journal, October 2, 2017
193. Scrutiny Over Fake Accounts Turns From Facebook to Twitter: Users can remain anonymous, fueling legions of automated accounts, or bots, deployed to mislead and manipulate by Georgia Wells and Robert McMillan, The Wall Street Journal, Octobner 2, 2017
194. Our best hope against nuclear war by David Ignatious, The Washington Post, October 3, 2017
195. Senators expected to largely endorse intel report on Russian meddling, sound alarm about next election by Karoun Demirjian and Greg Miller, The Washington Post, October 3, 2017
196. Senate Intelligence Heads Warn That Russian Election Meddling Continues by Nicholas Fandos, The New York Times, October 4, 2017
197. Exclusive: Mueller's team met with Russia dossier author by Evan Perez, Shimon Prokupecz and Pamela Brown, CNN, October 5, 2017
198. Seeing so much of the present through Watergate makes it harder to see the future by J. Peter Scoblic, The Washington Post, October 6, 2017
199. Hoping to Have Trump Cleared, Legal Team Eases Resistance to Inquiry by Matt Apuzzo and Michael S. Schmidt, The New York Times, October 7, 2017
200. Emails Shed Light on Trump Tower Meeting: Russian lawyer has said she didn’t have damaging information about Hillary Clinton by Rebecca Ballhaus, The Wall Street Journal, October 9, 2017
201. The notorious Kremlin-linked 'troll farm' and the Russians trying to take it down by David Filipov, The Washington Post, October 8, 2017
202. Is Facebook spinning out of control over Russian revelations? by Hannah Kuchler, FT, October 9, 2017
203. Google uncovers Russian-bought ads on YouTube, Gmail and other platforms by Elizabeth Dwoskin, Adam Entous and Craig Timberg, The Washington Post, October 9, 2017
204. Newly disclosed email sheds light on Trump Jr. meeting with Russian lawyer by Rosalind S. Helderman, The Washington Post, October 9, 2017
205. Russian operatives used Twitter and Facebook to target veterans and military personnel, study says by Craig Timberg, The Washington Post, October 9, 2017
206. How Russia Harvested American Rage to Reshape U.S. Politics by Nicholas Confessore and Daisuke Wakabayashi, The New York Times, October 9, 2017
207. A Law is Expiring That Allows Ethical Hackers to Help Protect U.S. Elections by Joseph Marks, Defense One, October 11, 2017
208. At the Intersection of Russia Probe and Social Media: Donald Trump's Digital Chief by Rebecca Ballhaus and Natalie Andrews, The Wall Street Journal, October 13, 2017
209. Wary of Hackers, States Move to Upgrade Voting Systems By Michael Wines, The New York Times, October 14, 2017
210. An ex St. Petersburg 'troll' speaks out Russian independent TV network interviews former troll at the Internet Research Agency by Meduza, October 15, 2017
211. Manafort Had $60 Million Relationship With a Russian Oligarch by Aggelos Petropoulos and Richard Engel, NBC News, October 15, 2017
212. Russian troll factory paid US activists to help fund protests during election by Shaun Walker, October 17, 2017
213. CIA director distorts intelligence community's findings on Russian interference by Greg Miller, The Washington Post, October 19, 2017
214. Hopes Dim for Congressional Russia Inquiries as Parties Clash by Nicholas Fandos, The New York Times, October 22, 2017
215. How Russians Attempted To Use Instagram To Influence Native Americans by Ryan C. Brooks, BuzzFeed, October 23, 2017
216. Exclusive: Russian Propaganda Traced Back to Staten Island, New York by Katie Zavadski, Ben Collins, Kevin Poulsen, and Spencer Ackerman, The Daily Beast, October 23, 2017
217. Russia's Favored Outlet Is an Online News Giant. YouTube Helped. by Daisuke Wakabayashi and Nicholas Confessore, The New York Times, October 23, 2017
218. U.K. Lawmakers Ask Facebook About Russian Influence in Brexit Vote by David D. Kirkpatrick, The New York Times, October 24, 2017
219. Fractures emerging on Senate panel's Russia probe By Jordain Carney, The Hill, October 27, 2017
220. Scrutiny mounts for Trump dig operation By Morgan Chalfant, The Hill, October 27, 2017
221. Talking Points Brought to Trump Tower Meeting Were Shared With Kremlin By Sharon LaFraniere and Andrew E. Kramer, The New York Times, October 27, 2017
222. Russian-Backed Facebook Accounts Organized Events on All Sides of Polarizing Issues: They publicized or financed at least 60 events before and after the 2016 election by Deepa Seetharaman, The Walll Street Journal, October 30, 2017
223. Manafort, former business partner indicted on money laundering, tax charges in connection with special counsel probe by Rosalind S. Helderman and Matt Zapotosky, The Washington Post, October 30, 2017
224. Russian Influence Reached 126 Million Through Facebook Alone by Mike Isaac and Daisuke Wakabayashi, October 30, 2017
225. Former Trump Aides Charged as Prosecutors Reveal New Campaign Ties With Russia by Matt Apuzzo, Adam Goldman, Michael S. Schmidt and Matthew Rosenberg, The New York Times, October 30, 2017
226. Mueller's First Indictments Send a Message to Trump by Peter Baker, The New York Times, October 30, 2017
227. Trump Campaign Got Early Word Russia Had Democrats' Emails by Scott Shane, The New York Times, October 30, 2017
228. Putin, exposed, may become more dangerous by David Ignatius, The Washington Post, October 31, 2017
229. Disclosure of Papadopoulos's Email Hunt Sheds Light on Quest for Clinton 'Dirt by Scott Shane, The Wall Street Journal, November 1, 2017
230. Russian ads, now publicly released, show sophistication of influence campaign by Craig Timberg, Elizabeth Dwoskin, Adam Entous and Karoun Demirjian, the New York Times, November 1, 2017
231. U.S. Prosecutors Consider Charging Russian Officials in DNC Hacking Case: At least six Russian government officials are identified as part of ongoing investigation by Aruna Viswanatha and Del Quentin Wilber, The Wall Street Journal, November 2, 2017
232. Seen any of these before? You may have been targeted by Russian ads on Facebook by Donie O'Sullivan CNN, November 2, 2017
233. Trump and Sessions Denied Knowing About Russian Contacts. Records Suggest Otherwise. by Michael S. Schmidt, Matt Apuzzo and Scott Shane, The New York Times, November 2, 2017
234. U.S. Prosecutors Consider Charging Russian Officials in DNC Hacking Case by Aruna Viswanatha and Del Quentin Wilber, The Wall Street Journal, November 2, 2017
235. Facebook Says It's Policing Fake Accounts. But They're Still Easy to Spot. by Scott Shane and Mike Isaac, The New York Times, November 2, 2017
236. Why Russia's Facebook ad campaign wasn't such a success by Patrick Ruffini, The Washington Post, November 3, 2017
237. Is there more than meets the eye with the professor at the center of the Trump-Russia probe? Or less? By Griff Witte and Karla Adam, The Washington Post, November 4, 2017
238. At least nine people in Trump's orbit had contact with Russians during campaign and transition by Rosalind S. Helderman, Tom Hamburger and Carol D. Leonnig, The Washington Post, November 5, 2017
239. Rick Gates, once the man 'in the corner,' is now a central figure in Mueller investigation by Michael Kranish and Tom Hamburger, The Washington Post, November 5, 2017
240. Trump adviser sent email describing 'private conversation' with Russian official by Rosalind S. Helderman, Matt Zapotosky and Karoun Demirjian, The Washington Post, November 6, 2017
241. Russian Twitter Support for Trump Began Right After He Started Campaign by Mark Maremont and Rob Barry, The Wall Street Journal, November 6, 2017
242. Exclusive: Russia Activated Twitter Sleeper Cells for 2016 Election Day Blitz: In its final, climactic push for Donald Trump, the Kremlin's troll army enlisted new members: semi-dormant propaganda accounts created as far back as 2009. by Kevin Poulson, The Daily Beast, November 11, 2017
243. AP EXCLUSIVE: Russia Twitter Trolls Deflected Trump Bad News by Ryan Nakashima and Barbara Ortutay, Associated Press, November 9, 2017
244. The Lawfare Podcast: Andrei Soldatov on Russian Intel Ops and Surveillance by Alina Polyakova, November 12, 2017
245. Microsoft's Smith adds 'cyber Red Cross' to his 'digital Geneva Convention' call by Shaun Waterman, Cyberscoop, November 10, 2017
246. A London Meeting of an Unlikely Group: How a Trump Adviser Came to Learn of Clinton 'Dirt' by Sharon LaFraniere, David D. Kirkpatrick, Andrew Higgins and Michael Schwirtz, The New York Times, November 10, 2017
247. Keith Schiller, Trump's Ex-Bodyguard, Says He Turned Down Offer of Women in Moscow by Adam Goldman and Nicholas Fandos, The New York Times, November 10, 2017
248. Mueller Probes Flynn's Role in Alleged Plan to Deliver Cleric to Turkey by James V. Grimaldi, Shane Harris and Aruna Viswanatha, The Wall Street Journal, November 10, 2017
249. The Secret Correspondence Between Donald Trump Jr. and WikiLeaks by Julia Ioffe, The Atlantic, November 13, 2017
250. Donald Trump Jr. Communicated With WikiLeaks During Campaign by Michael S. Schmidt and Nicholas Fandos, The New York Times, November 13, 2017
251. Sessions says he 'always told the truth' in describing Russia contacts by Matt Zapotosky and Sari Horwitz, The Washington Post, November 13, 2017
252. Sessions again changes his account of what he knew about Trump campaign's dealings with Russians by Matt Zapotosky and Sari Horwitz, The Washington Post, November14, 2017
253. Kushner Failed to Provide Russia Documents, Senate Panel Found by Michael S. Schmidt, The New York Times, November 16, 2017
254. The curious journey of Carter Page, the former Trump adviser who can't stay out of the spotlight by Dan Zak, The Washington Post, November 16, 2017
255. The Russia investigation's spectacular accumulation of lies by Michael Gerson, The Washington Post, November 16,2017
256. Bipartisan Harvard panel recommends hacking safeguards for elections by Joseph Menn, Reuters, November 20, 2017
257. Special Counsel Mueller Probes Jared Kushner's Contacts With Foreign Leaders by Peter Nicholas, Aruna Viswanatha and Rebecca Ballhaus, The New York Times, November 21, 2017
258. Flynn's lawyer shuts down communications with Trump's team, a sign he may be cooperating with Mueller probe by Carol D. Leonnig and Rosalind S. Helderman, The New York Times, November 23, 2017
259. Trump Pressed Top Republicans to End Senate Russia Inquiry by Jonathan Martin, Maggie Haberman, and Alexander Burns, The New York Times, November 30, 2017
260. Trump Envoy Erik Prince Met with CEO of Russian Direct Investment Fund in Seychelles by Erin Banco, The Intercept, November 28 2017
261. Michael Flynn Pleads Guilty to Lying to the F.B.I. and Will Cooperate With Russia Inquiry by Michael D. Shear and Adam Goldman, The New York Times, December 1, 2017
262. Michael Flynn pleads guilty to lying to the FBI by Carol D. Leonnig, Josh Dawsey and Devlin Barrett, The Washington Post, December 1, 2017
263. Emails Dispute White House Claims That Flynn Acted Independently on Russia by Michael S. Schmidt, Sharon LaFraniere and Scott Shane, The New York Times, December 2, 2017
264. Wrenched From Scandal to Success, Trump Looks Ahead, and Over His Shoulder by Peter Baker, The New York Times, December 2, 2017
265. Did Trump's tweet about Michael Flynn's guilty plea just admit something it shouldn't have? by Aaron Blake, The Washington Post, December 2, 2017
266. Trump says he has nothing to fear from Flynn, then stokes new controversy with tweet by John Wagner, Rosalind S. Helderman and Josh Dawsey, The Washington Post, December 2, 2017
267. Billy Bush: Yes, Donald Trump, You Said That by Billy Bush, The New York Times, December 3, 2017
268. Operative Offered Trump Campaign 'Kremlin Connection' Using N.R.A. Ties by Nicholas Fandos, The New York Times, December 3, 2017
269. Trump Says He Fired Michael Flynn 'Because He Lied' to F.B.I. by Maggie Haberman, Michael S. Schmidt and Michael D. Shear, The New York Times, December 2, 2107
270. 'I never asked Comey to stop investigating Flynn': Trump goes on tweetstorm about the FBI by John Wagner, The Washington Post, December 3, 2017
271. Trump lawyer says president knew Flynn had given FBI the same account he gave to vice president by Carol D. Leonnig, John Wagner and Ellen Nakashima, The Washington Post, December 3, 2017
272. Kremlin Denies Flynn Influenced Decision on Sanctions by Ivan Nechepurenko, The New York Times, December 4, 2017
273. McFarland's Testimony About Russia Contacts Is Questioned by Michael S. Schmidt and Sharon LaFraniere, The New York Times, December 4, 2017
274. Billy Bush says there were 8 witnesses to Trump's 'Access Hollywood' comments by Derek Hawkins, The Washington Post, December 4, 2017
275. Prosecutors say longtime Manafort colleague has 'ties' to Russian intelligence by Rosalind S. Helderman and Spencer S. Hsu, The Washington Post, December 4, 2017
276. Flynn told former business associate that Russia sanctions would be 'ripped up,' according to congressional witness by Tom Hamburger, The Washington Post, December 6, 2017
277. Email pointed Trump campaign to WikiLeaks documents that were already public by Rosalind S. Helderman and Tom Hamburger, The Washington Post, December 8, 2017
278. Inside the day that set in motion Michael Flynn's guilty plea by Michael Kranish, The Washington Post, December 8, 2017
279. Another Russian Hacker Claims He's The One Who Hacked The DNC by Jane Lytvynenko and Kevin Collier, BuzzFeed News, December 14, 2017
280. Court document points to Kaspersky Lab's cooperation with Russian security service by Ellen Kakashima, The Washington Post, December 13, 2017
281. Doubting the intelligence, Trump pursues Putin and leaves a Russian threat unchecked by Greg Miller, Greg Jaffe and Philip Rucker, The Washington Post, December 14, 2017
282. The Russia facts are hiding in plain sight by David Ignatius, The Washington Post, December 14, 2017
283. Image of Cooperation Between White House and Mueller Starts to Fracture by Michael S. Schmidt, The New York Times, December 17, 2017
284. Trump transition team charges Mueller obtained emails improperly, but legal experts challenge those claims by Anne Gearan and Philip Rucker, The Washington Post, Decembger 17, 2017
285. FBI warned Trump in 2016 Russians would try to infiltrate his campaign by Ken Dilanian, Julia Ainsley and Carol E. Lee, NBC News, December 19, 2017
286. RT Brings Its Russian Perspective to France by Elian Peltier, The New York Times, December 19, 2017
287. Senate Investigators Scrutinize Another Presidential Candidate: Jill Stein by Nicholas Fandos, The New York Times, December 19, 2017
288. Kremlin trolls burned across the Internet as Washington debated options by Adam Entous, Ellen Nakashima and Greg Jaffe, the Washington Post, December 25, 2017
289. Russia never stopped its cyberattacks on the United States by Michael Morell and Mike Rogers, December 25, 2017
290. Federal prosecutors in N.Y. requested Kushner Cos. records on Deutsche Bank loan by Michale Kranish, The Washington Post, December 27, 2017
291. Trump legal team readies attack on Flynn's credibility, by Carol Leonnig, The Washington Post, December 27, 2017
292. Russian hacker claims he can prove he hacked DNC by Morgan Chalfant, The Hill, December 28, 2017
293. There's still little evidence that Russia's 2016 social media efforts did much of anything by Philip Bump, The Washington Post, December 28, 2017
294. How the Russia Inquiry Began: A Campaign Aide, Drinks and Talk of Political Dirt by Sharon LaFraniere, Mark Mazzetti, and Matt Apuzzo, The New York Times, December 30, 2017
295. Devin Nunes, targeting Mueller and the FBI, alarms Democrats and some Republicans with his tactics by Karoun Demirjian, December 31, 2017
296. Ex-Trump campaign chairman Manafort challenges his indictment in Russia probe by filing lawsuit against Mueller by Spencer S. Hsu and Matt Zapotosky, The Washington Post, January 3, 2018
297. Trump slams Bannon: 'When he was fired, he not only lost his job, he lost his mind' by Josh Dawsey and Ashley Parker, The Washington Post, January 3, 2018
298. Michael Wolff, From Local Media Scourge to National Newsmaker by Michael M. Grynbaum, The New York Times, January 4, 2018
299. Obstruction Inquiry Shows Trump's Struggle to Keep Grip on Russia Investigation by Michael S. Schmidt, The New York Times, January 4, 2018
300. At Trump's behest, top White House lawyer urged Jeff Sessions not to step aside from Russia probe by Matt Zapotosky and Josh Dawsey, the Washington Post, January 4, 2018
301. Trump lawyer seeks to block insider book on White House by Josh Dawsey and Ashley Parker, The Washington Post, January 4, 2018
302. Senate report challenges quality of Facebook, Twitter investigations of Russia's Brexit influence by Ali Breland, The Hill, January 11, 2018
303. Special counsel eyeing Russians granted unusual access to Trump inauguration parties by Matthew Mosk and John Santucci, ABC News, June 28, 2018
304. Russians Breached Florida County Computers Before 2016 Election, Mueller Report Says by Michael Wines, The New York Times, April 18, 2019

Published Summaries and Timelines

1. Here's what we know so far about Team Trump's ties to Russian interests by Bonnie Berkowitz, Denise Lu and Julie Vitkovskaya, The Washington Post, March 31, 2017, updated regularly.
2. A guide to the five major investigations of the Trump campaign's possible ties to Russia By Kevin Uhrmacher and Kim Soffen, The Washington Post, June 14, 2017
3. The Post's new findings in Russia's bold campaign to influence the U.S. election by Julie Vitkovskaya, Samuel Granados and John Muyskens, The New York Times, June 23, 2017
4. Conspiracy or Coincidence? A Timeline Open to Interpretation by Peter Baker, The New York Times, July 12, 2017
5. The 'dossier' and the uranium deal: A guide to the latest allegations by Glenn Kessler, The Washington Post, October 29, 2017
6. How We Got Here: A Timeline of Events Leading Up to the Charges by Mikayla Bouchard, The New York Times, October 30, 2017
7. 2016 Under Scrutiny: A Timeline Of Russia Connections, NPR, October 31, 2017
8. All the known times the Trump campaign met with Russians by Meg Kelly, The Washington Post, November 13, 2017
9. The clear timeline suggesting Donald Trump Jr. coordinated with WikiLeaks by Aaron Blake, The Washington Post, November 14, 2017
10. The definitive Trump-Russia timeline of events: Follow our timeline of events on the Trump administration's ties to Russia. by Matthew Nussbaum, POLITICO, March 3, 2017, Updated November 13, 2017
11. What Is the 'Russia Story'? by Karen Yourish, The New York Times, December 10, 2017
12. Christopher Steele, the Man Behind the Trump Dossier: How the ex-spy tried to warn the world about Trump's ties to Russia by Jane Mayer, The New Yorker, March 12, 2018
13. Cambridge Analytica explained: The facts, implications, and open questions, DigitalWatch, 2018
14. How the Mueller Investigation Could Play Out for Trump by Michael S. Schmidt, Charlie Savage, Alicia Parlapiano, Anjali Singhvi and Troy Griggs, The New York Times, May 23, 2018
15. Will Russian hackers affect this year's US election by Frank Bajak and Adam Geller, The Associated Presss, September 2, 2018
    This article summarizes the state of foreign meddling in US elections as of September 2, 2018.
16. Who's been charged in Mueller-linked probes, and why by Julie Vitkovskaya, Samuel Granados, Kevin Uhrmacher and Aaron Williams, The Washington Post, September 14, 2018
17. A Timeline Showing the Full Scale of Russia's Unprecedented Interference in the 2016 Election, and Its Aftermath by Karen Yourish, Larry Buchanan and Derek Watkins, The New York Times, September 20, 2018
18. Every Time Trump Has Talked to Putin by K. K. Rebecca Lai, The New York Times, January 15, 2019

Analytical Reports and Opinions

1. Election Security Is a Matter of National Security, by David Dill, Verified Voting Blog, December 2, 2016
2. Russia May Be Done with the U.S. Election, But We Aren't Done With Them, by Susan Hennessey and Matt Tait, Lawfare Institute, December 9, 2016
3. The Russians Read our Cold War Playbook, by James M. Ludes, War on the Rocks, November 8, 2016
   • See George Kennan's Long Telegram set the stage for the US response to the Cold War.
4. Trump's Win Signals Open Season for Russia's Political Hackers, by Andy Greenberg, Wired, November 9, 2016.
5. After Attributing a Cyberattack to Russia, the Most Likely Response Is NonCyber, by Adam Segal, Council on Foreign Relations, October 10, 2016
6. How Russia Pulled Off the Biggest Election Hack in U.S. History, by Thomas Rid, Esquire Magazine, October 20, 2016
7. International Law and the US Response to Russian Election Interference, by Ryan Goodman, Just Security, January 5, 2017
8. Why did Obama dawdle on Russia's hacking?, by David Ignatius, The Washington Post, January 12, 2017
9. TRUMP, PUTIN, AND THE NEW COLD WAR: What lay behind Russia's interference in the 2016 election - and what lies ahead, by Evan Osnos, David Remnick, and Joshua Yaffa, The New Yorker, March 3, 2017
10. Trump's new Russia expert wrote a psychological profile of Vladimir Putin - and it should scare Trump Book Review by Carlos Lozada of Mr. Putin: Operative in the Kremlin by Fiona Hill and Clifford G. Gaddy, The Washington Post, March 31, 2017
11. Is America a Failing State? by David Rothkopf, Foreign Policy, May 10, 2017
12. Inside Russia's Social Media War on America by Massimo Calibresi, Time Magazine, May 18, 2017
    This article describes the tools, tactics and procedures (TTPs) that Russian agents use in their information war against global democracy.
    
    Compare the following quotes, particularly the last one, to the public statements of Andrey Krutskikh cited by David Ignatius in News Article #52.
    
    In May 2016, a Russian military intelligence officer bragged to a colleague that his organization, known as the GRU, was getting ready to pay Clinton back for what President Vladimir Putin believed was an influence operation she had run against him five years earlier as Secretary of State. The GRU, he said, was going to cause chaos in the upcoming U.S. election. What the officer didn't know, senior intelligence officials tell TIME, was that U.S. spies were listening.
    
    After his re-election the following year (2012), Putin dispatched his newly installed head of military intelligence, Igor Sergun, to begin repurposing cyberweapons previously used for psychological operations in war zones for use in electioneering. Russian intelligence agencies funded "troll farms," botnet spamming operations and fake news outlets as part of an expanding focus on psychological operations in cyberspace. It turns out Putin had outside help.
    
    One particularly talented Russian programmer who had worked with social media researchers in the U.S. for 10 years had returned to Moscow and brought with him a trove of algorithms that could be used in influence operations. He was promptly hired by those working for Russian intelligence services, senior intelligence officials tell TIME.
    
    
13. Hillary Clinton Was the First Casualty in the New Information Wars by Alexis C. Madrigal, The Atlantic, May 31, 2017.
    The following video, produced by The Atlantic, was embedded in the above article.

14. A Disabled Executive: The Special Counsel Investigation and Presidential Immunities by Bob Bauer, Lawfare Institute, June 19 2017
15. The Russians Were Involved. But It Wasn't About Collusion, by Daniel Hoffman, The New York Times, july 28, 2017
16. A Guide to Russia's High Tech Tool Box for Subverting US Democracy by Garret M. Graff, WIRED Magazine, August 13, 2017
    This article opens with a description of the Russian Grand Strategy based on active measures as described in General Gerasimov's characterization of hybrid war, shown below, which harks back to the Tsarist era.
17. Shatter the House of Mirrors: A Conference Report on Russian Influence Operations by James M. Ludes and Mark R. Jacobson, a Pell Center Report, October 2017
18. Will Donald Trump Destroy the Presidency?: He disdains the rule of law. He's trampling norms of presidential behavior. And he's bringing vital institutions down with him by Jack Goldsmith, The Atlantic, October, 2017
19. All Elections are Hackable: Scalable Lessons from Secure I-Voting and Global Election Hacks by Liisa Past, European Cybersecurity Journal, Volum 3, Issue 3, 2017
20. Russia is pushing to control cyberspace. We should all be worried. by David Ignatius, The Washington Post, October 24, 2017
21. What Reality TV Teaches Us About Russia's Influence Campaign, by Farhad Manjoo, The New York Times, November 8, 2017
22. She Warned of 'Peer-to-Peer Misinformation.' Congress Listened by Sheera Frenkel, The New York Times, November 12, 2017
23. Countering Russian Information Operations in the Age of Social Media by the Council on Foreign Relations, November 21, 2017
24. How to protect against fake 'facts' by David Ignatius, The Washington Post, November 23, 2017
25. The Republicans' Fake Investigations by Glenn R. Simpson and Peter Fritsch, The New York Times, January 2, 2018
26. American Elections Remain Unprotected by Reid Standish, Nextgov, December 29, 2017
27. Rosenstein's 'Responsible Encryption' Proposal is Nonsensical, Privacy Expert Says by Jack Corrigan, Nextgov, February 1, 2018
28. We need to hack-proof our elections: An old technology can help. by Michael Chertoff and Grover Norquist, The Washington Post, February 15, 2018
29. The Great Russian Disinformation Campaign by David Frum, The Atlantic, July 1, 2018
30. Once again, Putin gives us a lesson on the usefulness of the blatant lie by Anne Applebaum, The Washington Post, September 14, 2018
31. How Russian trolls manipulated American politics by Marshall Cohen, CNN, October 19, 2018
32. The Plot to Subvert an Election: Unraveling the Russia Story So Far by Scott Shane and Mark Mazzetti, The New York Times, September 20, 2018
33. Read the Emails: The Trump Campaign and Roger Stone by Michael S. Schmidt, Mark Mazzetti, Maggie Haberman and Sharon LaFraniere, The New York Times, November 1, 2018
    Newly revealed messages show how the political operative Roger J. Stone Jr. sold himself to Trump campaign advisers as a potential conduit to WikiLeaks, which published thousands of emails in 2016 damaging to Hillary Clinton's campaign.
34. (Opinion) Here are 18 reasons Trump could be a Russian asset by Max Boot, The Washington Post, January 13, 2019
35. (Opinion) It's time to secure the 2020 election by Ro Khanna, Michael McFaul and Alex Stamos, The Washington Post, March 26, 2019
36. The Market for Voting Machines Is Broken. This Company Has Thrived in It. by Jessica Huseman, ProPublica, October 28, 2019

Published US Government Reports

• GRIZZLY STEPPE - Russian Malicious Cyber Activity, NCCIC and FBI, December 29, 2016
• Joint Statement for the Record to the Senate Armed Services Committee: Foreign Cyber Threats to the United States by The Honorable James R. Clapper, Director of National Intelligence, The Honorable Marcel Lettre, Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence, Admiral Michael S. Rogers, USN, Commander, U.S. Cyber Command, Director, National Security Agency, 5 January 2017
• Background to "Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections": The Analytic Process and Cyber Incident Attribution, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, National Intelligence Council, January 6, 2017

Reports Prepared for US Senate Intelligence Committee Hearings, December 17, 2018

• Facebook, Twitter and YouTube Withheld Russia Data, Reports Say by Sheera Frenkel, Daisuke Wakabayashi and Kate Conger, The New York Times, December 17, 2018
• The IRA, Social Media and Political Polarization in the United States, 2012-2018 by Philip N. Howard, Bharath Ganesh, Dimitra Liotsiou, University of Oxford; John Kelly, and Camille François, Graphika; Oxford University, 2018
• The Tactics & Tropes of the Internet Research Agency by R. DiResta, K. Shaffer, B. Ruppel, D. Sullivan, R. Matney, R. Fox, New Knowledge; J. Albright, Columbia University; B. Johnson, Canfield Research; New Knowledge, 2018
• (Opinion) What We Now Know About Russian Disinformation: The Senate gave my research team data from social media companies. The picture that emerges is grim. by Renée DiResta, The New York Times, December 17, 2018

Relevant Legal Articles

• Virtual Violence - Disruptive Cyberspace Operations as "Attacks" Under International Humanitarian Law, by Ido Kilovaty, Michigan Telecommunications and Technology Law Review, Volume 23, Issue 1, 2016
• Cyber Operations in International Law: The Use of Force, Collective Security, Self-Defense, and Armed Conflicts, Michael N. Schmitt, Procs. Workshop on Deterring Cyberattacks: Information Strategies and Developing Options for U.S. Policy, The National Academies Press, 2010

General Gerasimov's Views on Hybrid War

• The 'Gerasimov Doctrine' and Russian Non-Linear War, blogpost by Mark Galeotti, In Moscow's Shadow, March 9, 2017

Voting-Related Resources

• The Verified Voting Foundation is a "non-governmental organization working toward accuracy, integrity and verifiability of elections."
• Machine-Assisted Election Auditing by Joseph A. Calandrino, J. Alex Halderman, and Edward W. Felten, Proceedings of the USENIX Workshop on Accurate Electronic Voting Technolog (EVT'07), 2007
  This paper proposes an audit strategy that allows machines to perform most of the work.
• A Gentle Introduction to Risk-limiting Audits by Mark Lindeman and Philip B. Stark, IEEE Security and Privacy, March 16, 2012
• Voting with Risk-Limiting Audits: Better, Faster, Cheaper by Jacob Hoffman-Andrews, Electronic Frontier Foundation, December 16, 2016
• ClipAudit: A Simple Risk-Limiting Post-Election Audit by Ronald L. Rivest, arXiv:1701.08312v1, January 31, 2017
• How easy would it be to rig the next election? If both parties can't soon agree on how to upgrade to crucial systems: very easy. by Jesse B. Staniforth, ThinkProgress, May 1, 2017
• Transforming Election Cybersecurity, by David P. Fidler, The Council on Foreign Relations, May 17, 2017
• Voting-roll vulnerability: Study points to potential security weakness in many online registration systems, by Peter Reuell, The Harvard Gazette, September 6, 2017
• DEFCON 25 Voting Machine Hacking Village: Report on Cyber Vulnerabilities in U.S. Election Equipment, Databases, and Infrastructure by Matt Blaze, University of Pennsylvania Jake Braun, University of Chicago & Cambridge Global Advisors Harri Hursti, Nordic Innovation Labs Joseph Lorenzo Hall, Center for Democracy & Technology Margaret MacAlpine, Nordic Innovation Labs, Jeff Moss, DEFCON, September 2017
• Cybersecurity Campaign Playbook, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, November 2017
  This important report offers excellent advice that is applicable in any setting.
• Defending Digital Democracy Releases New Playbooks for States to Counter Election Cyberattacks and Information Operations, Belfer Center, Harvard Kennedy School
• The Myth of the Hacker-Proof Voting Machine by Kim Zetter, The New York Times, February 21, 2018
• Computer scientist and @VerifiedVoting Fellow @jhalderm shows us just how easy it is to hack into a voting machine connected to the internet. Watch the full video from @NYTimes
• Securing the Nation's Voting Machines: A Toolkit for Advocates and Election Officials, prepared by the Brennan Center for Justice, Common Cause, Natial Election Defense Coalition, and the Verified Voting Founcation.
• Risk Limiting Audits, a flowchart published the Verified Voting Foundation
• How a wily Californian beat Google and Facebook's influence operation by Benjamin Freed, statescoop, August 15, 2018
• Securing the Vote: Protecting American Democracy, The National Academy Press, 2018
• Understanding Russian Information Operations By Timur Chabuk and Adam Jonas, The Cyber Edge, September 1, 2018
• The Role of Risk-Limiting Audits in Evidence-Based Elections by Marian K. Schneider, Verified Voting, November 25, 2019